Americans living in rural areas are more likely to be obese than city dwellers, according to a study published in the National Rural Health Association’s Fall 2012 Journal of Rural Health. The study indicates that residential location may play an important role in the obesity epidemic.
Led by researchers at the University of Kansas, the study analyzed data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. The study is first in more than three decades to use measured heights and weights, as opposed to the self-reported data relied on by previous studies, an approach that can underestimate the prevalence of obesity.
Christie Befort, Ph.D., assistant professor of preventive medicine and public health at the University of Kansas Medical Center, said there could be two significant reasons why rural residents are more likely to be overweight: cultural diet and physical isolation.
“There is a definite cultural diet in rural America, full of rich, homemade foods including lots of meat and dessert,” Befort said. The study, which also examined demographic and lifestyle factors, found that rural Americans typically consume a diet higher in fat.
Rural residents also face challenges to accessing health care, prevention and lifestyle activities.
“Access is often about travel time in a rural area, but it can also be that there’s no place to go—literal physical isolation,” Befort added. “It’s tough to get to a gym if you live outside of a town without one.”
The research demonstrated that the rural-urban obesity disparity existed in younger Americans, ages 20-39, but not in older age groups. tThis can be partially attributed to increased mechanization of previously labor-intensive jobs, according to Befort.
“Physical activity is now needed to compensate for diet and technology,” Befort said. “That requires cultural change because rural areas typically don’t have a culture of physical activity as leisure time.”
Befort examined several factors which are thought to affect obesity, including diet, physical activity, age, race, gender, and education. The researchers discovered that even when other contributing factors are held constant, rural residents were more likely to be obese.
“Living in a rural area isn’t always recognized as a category for obesity-related health disparities but, according to our study, it should be,” Befort said.
“We simply cannot ignore the link between obesity and poverty, and the disproportionate impact this is having on rural America,” said Alan Morgan, CEO of the National Rural Health Association. “If we truly want to decrease health care costs and improve the nation’s health status, we are going to have to start viewing obesity as a top-tier public health concern for rural Americans.”
